肝炎病毒诊断分型寡核苷酸芯片的制备与应用

Preparation and application of oligo microarrays for hepatitis virus detection and genotyping

目的研制联合诊断HBV、HDV、HCV及HCV分型的寡核苷酸（Oligo）芯片，并进行系列优化及临床应用性研究。方法从GenBank数据库获取HBV全长DNA序列，HDV及HCV4个基因型全长cDNA序列，根据BLAST分析结果获得HBV、HDV种属保守序列及HCV各型特异性序列，以作为设计Oligo探针的备选序列。用Array designer 3．0分别对BLAST检索所得的HBV、HDV种属保守序列和HCV型特异性序列逐一进行分析，设计长度均一的60mer Oligo探针。从HBV、HDV、HCV种属保守序列和HCV型特异性序列中分别挑选出16、8、68条60 mer Oligo探针。Oligo探针合成和纯化后，用芯片打印仪固定在玻片上。为便于研究，先后制备了2种芯片，包括HBV、HDV诊断芯片、HCV分型芯片。采用限制性显示PCR技术进行样品荧光标记后与芯片杂交，并根据杂交结果筛除了有非特异杂交和信噪比低于4．0的探针，选取高特异的探针制备了HBV、HDV、HCV联合诊断分型芯片。结果从杂交效果来看，研制的Oligo芯片特异性较高，可有效用于HBV、HDV、HCV的联合诊断及HCV的分型。为了适应临床诊断的要求，对芯片进行了实验条件摸索和一些优化，均取得较好的效果。结论制备的肝炎病毒诊断分型芯片检测敏感性、特异性均佳，具有较为广阔的应用前景，为下一阶段进行中试规模的临床血清样品检测做好了准备。

Objective To prepare oligo microarrays for hepatitis virus detection and genotyping. Methods By analyzing the DNA or cDNA of HBV, HDV and 4 different genotypes of HCV with the BLAST program, a group of specific sequences for the candidate probes was specified. Array Designer 3.0 software was applied to analyze the candidates to select probes with high specificity, identical length and similar melting temperature （Tm）. Altogether 16, 8 and 68 oligonucleotide probes were designed for diagnosis of HBV, HDV, and genotyping HCV. Following the synthesizing and purification, oligo probes were deposited on oligonucleotide chips as microarrays for hepatitis virus detection and genotyping. The samples were labeled by RD-PCR method. Hybridization results were analyzed to cross out those probes with low specificity and sensitivity, and those with signal to noise ratios （SNR） less than 4.0. Results Two types of gene chips were successfully developed： microarrays for HBV and HDV simultaneous detection and for HCV genotyping. Conclusion Using oligo probes to construct gene chips for clinical diagnosis of hepatitis virus is a simple and effective method. It may be widely used in detecting hepatitis viruses and their genotyping in clinical settings.