人类的普遍正义及其历史渊源

Universal Justice for the Humanity and Its Historical Evolution

自从人类进入社会生活以来,如何建立稳定的社会共同体,以达到社会公共权力与个人权利之间,以及不同的权利主体之间的合理平衡,是人类直至今天依然在努力寻求的重要目标。这个目标就是正义。人类正义并不是一个抽象的概念,而是历史的和具体的。不同文化或文明之间,正义的内涵往往不同甚至严重对立和冲突。但是,人类已经走到这样的一个时代:生活在不同文化背景下的人们,不分种族、性别、语言和宗教,在某种基本价值观的基础上联合起来,共同建立人类的普遍正义似乎并非不可能。这种可能的根据究竟何在?是本文关心的问题。

Ever since human beings established themselves into communal lives, the consideration on how to build a stable society, how to achieve a balance of power among the members of the community and between the public and the individual has been dominant target in their thoughts. Justice~ a means to achieve these ends, is not simply an abstract idea, but has its historical substance. It means differently or even confiictingly so for different people or in different situations. The author holds that the humanity has reached the stage when all members of the society and all societies join hands, regardless of differences in race, gender, language and religion, to work for justice.