从汉语外来词的译借方式看汉民族的语言文化心理

Lingual-cultural Mentality of the Chinese People as Seen from the Assimilation and Alienation of Loan Words in Chinese

外来词是不同文化接触的产物。一种语言对外来成分的接受方式和程度的不同,一方面反映出该语言的特性,另一方面更折射出以该语言为母语的民族的语言文化心理。纵观历史,在汉语动态词汇库的进化中,母语同化外来语、意译排挤音译是主流;但在不少情况下,外语词异化了母语词,音译词淘汰了意译词,也是屡见不鲜的。前者反映出汉民族恪守传统的保守性和汉语强大的传统惯性,后者则映射出面对发展汉文化的宽容博大与汉语的开放性。

Loan words are products of cultural contacts. How and to what an extent a language assimilate alien elements indicate the lingual-cultural mentality of the native speakers of that language as wen as the linguistic characteristics of it. Historically speaking,assimilation is the main stream in the evolutionary process of the Chinese vocabulary;but on the other hand,alienation is not rare. The former reflects the conservatism of the Chinese while the later shows their open-mindedness and tolerance of foreign elements.