铜闪速炉悬浮熔炼反应过程机理的研究(Ⅰ)——反应塔中物料颗粒的取样分析

Research of the Suspensions Smelting Reaction Process Mechanism in the Copper Flash Furnace Part I:Sampling and Analyzing of the Particles in the Reaction Shaft

闪速熔炼是现代火法炼铜的主要方法,其主要反应是在反应塔内完成的,所以要研究闪速熔炼的机理,重点是对反应塔内反应过程的研究。本文详细描述了反应塔内工艺物料颗粒的高温急冷取样实验,并对试样进行了全面检验分析,作为悬浮熔炼反应过程机理研究的基础。得出如下结论:研究颗粒在反应塔中的反应过程采用快速急冷的颗粒取样方式是可行的;反应塔中颗粒分布极不均匀,在反应塔中央区域较集中;反应塔中粒子氧化程度极不均匀;大量游离二氧化硅未在反应塔内完成造渣反应;在矿相显微镜分析中发现了草莓状(或蜂窝状)的颗粒、部分粒子有孔洞和部分粒子呈现层状氧化,这些都是闪速熔炼过程中存在粒子分裂行为的有力证据;同时颗粒在反应塔中平均粒径长大了7倍多,说明粒子在反应塔中明显存在碰撞聚合过程。

Flash smelting is a major process for copper pyrometallurgy, most of its reactions are completed in the reaction shaft. To study the flash smelting mechanism, is mainly focused on the suspensions smelting reaction process in the shaft. This article describes in details the experiment of sampling the high temperature reaction particles with the quick cooling method, particles are examined and analyzed allsidedly for the purpose of analyzing the suspensions smelting reaction process mechanism. Conclusions are made as follows ： （ 1 ） To study the reaction process in the shaft, the quick cooling sampling method is feasible. （2） The particle distribution in the reaction shaft is uneven and the particles are relatively concentrated at the center of the shaft. （3） Oxidation of particles are quite uneven. （4） A great deal of free quartz flux are not consumed in the slagging reaction. （5） Strawberry or honeycomb - shaped particles, particles with holes and some laminar oxidation particles found under reflected light microscope, which are the potent evidences of the existence of the particle splitting. At the same time, the average diameter of the particles in the shaft is 7 times as that of the concentrate particles, which proves the existence of the particle collision and gathering.