湘西土家族苗族地区的改土归流及其社会历史差异

On the Governing of the Qing Dynasty in Xiangxi and Its Social and Historical Differences

改土归流在明代永乐年间即已开始,但这时是一种被动举措。清雍正年间,中央政府对西南民族地区的改土归流大规模进行,湘西土家族苗族地区的改土归流在雍正朝初期先后结束。湘西土家族苗族地区的改土归流在经济方式、文化模式、社会变迁和族际关系等方面存在很大的差异性,凸现了两个族群的社会特征。

The governing in Xiangxi began from Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty. However, it was a passive one. During the Yongzheng period of the Qing Dynasty, the central government reinforced its governing in this area, which ended in the early Yongzheng period. The measures taken caused great difference in economic way, cultural mode, social transference, and clan relationships, showing the social characteristics of two clans.