语境关联观在阅读理解中的应用

Application of Relevant Context in Discourse Analysis

语境与语言的关系极其密切,它在语言研究及使用上,具有不可低估的作用。依据Sperber&Wilson的关联理论,笔者将语境定义为一个动态的概念,它是用以解释话语的一系列前提,是一个心理结构,是听众关于世界假设的一个分集。语篇分析,建立相关语境,不是一个被动的过程,而是一个复杂的,对语篇信息进行重构的认知过程。因此,语篇分析的关键在于读者能否将语篇中的信息与业已存在的背景知识联系起来。用关联理论的话说,就是在于读者能否找到相关的信息,获得语境效果。

Context plays an indispensable role in the use and study of language. Based on the relevancy theory proposed by Sperber ＆ Wilson, the author considers context as a dynamic concept. Context is a series of presupposition to comprehend discourse, a kind of psychological structure, and a small part of listener＇s understanding about the world. Discourse analysis, establishing relative context, is an active and complex cognitive process to reconstruct information of the text. This paper aims to argue that the key of the discourse analysis lies in whether the reader can relate the information in the discourse to known background information. In terms of the relevancy theory, whether reader can construct the relative context is the key of reading comprehension.