老年人健康评价的指标和方法初探

STUDY ON HEALTH ASSESSMENTAL INDEX AND METHOD OF AGED PEOPLE

为了探索老年人健康状况评价的适宜指标和方法，采用横断面调查法，对某市112名退休职工（平均年龄61．4岁，按退休前的劳动内容分为体力、脑力和脑体混合3组）进行生活能力指数、体力功能、脑力功能和营养状况测试．结果表明，反映营养状况的Kaup指数均值均超过医学正常值上限，呈过度肥胖，以腹部和大腿更突出．男性各分析指标在不同年龄组间无显著性差异（P＞0．05），也无明显的变化规律；但退休前的劳动类型对老年人晚年的健康状况影响较大，生活能力指数（LCI）、体力指数（PHI）、脑力功能的3项指标（短时记忆、译码、划字）在3种劳动类型的退休职工中差异均有显著性（P＜0．05），均以脑力、脑体混合退休职工组高于体力退休职工组；同时用来评价体力功能的PHI指标较其包容的6项指标的实测值更稳定、更简便．提示在今后老年人健康状况研究中生活能力指数（LCI）、体力指数（PHI）、脑功能3项指标、Kaup指数和皮脂厚度等具有潜在的运用价值．

In-order to explore the appropriately assessmental index and method of health status for aged peole,a field study was conducted among 112 aged people (61.4 years of averaged age)in a city,testing life capacity index (LCI),physical function,mental function and nutrition status. According to work types before retirement .the subjects were divided into three group: physical .mental .mental -physical mixed. The average level of kaup index indicating nutrition status was much higher than its normal upper limit value,which showed overobesity,especially in abdomen and thigh. Among men,all the analysis indices between age groups indicated insignificant diference(p>0. 05) and no changing trend with age;but the work types before retirement had significant effect on health status after retirement;The means of life capacity index.physical index and mental function (including short memmory.decode and delete letter) of both mental and mixed group were significantly higher than those of physical group (P<0. 05) ;Moreover,physical index (PHI),evaluating physical function,was more steady and simpler than its six divided indices. The results suggested that the indices,including LCI.PHI.mental function(short memmory.decode .delete letter) .Kaup index and thickness of undershin fat,may be beneficial to assessing health status for aged people objectively in future.