几种虾、贝、藻混养模式能量收支及转化效率的研究

An Experimental Study on Energy Budget and Conversion Efficiency in Different Polyculture Modes of Shrimp,Bivalve and Seaweed

实验采用围隔实验方法，对凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannawlei）、青蛤（Cyclina sinesis）、菊花心江蓠（Gracilaria lichevoides）和活菌净水剂的不同单、混养生态系统的能量收支和转化效率进行了研究。实验结果表明，实验期间系统接受的总太阳光辐射能为1983．2MJ／m^2。浮游植物对光能的利用效率在各处理间无差异（0．147±0．007）％，混养江蓠显著地提高了总利用效率（0．308±0．019）％。总能量的转化效率，虾藻混养（28．36％）和江蓠单养（27．65％）最高，其次是虾贝藻混养（26．70％），对虾单养（12．24％）最低。单位净产量对饲料能的消耗，对虾单养（21．24MJ／kg）最多，虾菌、虾贝混养（18．76-18．97MJ／kg）次之，而虾藻、虾贝藻混养（2．64-3．24Mj／kg）则显著地降低了饲料消耗量。实验中投喂组都有较多的能量沉积，对虾单养沉积量达到1．10MJ／m^2，虾贝混养（1．30MJ／m^2）稍高，而虾贝藻、虾菌、虾藻混养平均为0．53MJ／m^2，显著地低于对照。结果表明，混养青蛤和菊花心江蓠显著地提高了对虾养殖中的光能利用率和能量转化效率，减少了能量沉积，从而大大地提高了能量的利用效率。

The energy budget and conversion efficiency of different ecosystems, in which Litopenaeus van- name, Cyclina sinesis, Gracilaria lichevoides and probiotic bacteria （Pro-nicelean） were cutured in different mono-and poly-culture modes, were studied with landbased enclosures. The results indicated thatthe solar radiation energy input was 1983.2 MJ/m^2. The solar energy utilization rates of phytoplankton were （0.147±0.007）%, and thetotal solar energy utilization rates were increased to 0.308±0.019% by polyculturedwith G.. lichevoides. The highest total energy conversion efficiencies were 28.36% （SA） and 27.65% （SC）, followed by 26.70% （SAC）, and the lowest was 12.24% （S）. The feeding energy consumption per unit of net yield decreased obviously from 21.24 MJ/kg（S） and 18.76-18.97 MJ/kg（SB, SC） to 2.64-3.24 MJ/kg （SA, SAC）. The sediment energy was 1.10 MJ/m^2 in shrimp monoculture, which was lower only than SC （1.30 MJ/m^2）, and the other treatments （0.53 MJ/m^2） were lower than it. This study demonstrated that polycul- ture of shrimp with bivalve and seaweed can raise the total solar energy utilization rate and energy conversion ef- ficiency, reduce sediment energy and increase total energy utilization rate.