沿海渔业劳动力转移困难的症结及对策

Study on the Difficulties in the Fishery Labor Transfer in the Coastal Areas and the Countermeasure

沿海渔业劳动力转移是实现渔业经济可持续发展的关键,也是事关渔区社会稳定和群众安居乐业的重大政治问题。但目前渔民从捕捞业中转移出来的主动性和积极性不高,主要症结是:来自渔业和渔村的排斥力不足;来自工业化、城市化的推动力不足;渔业劳动力转移过程中的摩擦力比较大。因此,沿海渔业劳动力的转移必须从海岛地区特殊的地理属性和资源禀赋、产业结构出发,把就业转移、空间转移和代际转移结合起来,在海岛二三产业收入的比较优势还不够显著的情况下,把渔民对渔业资源的使用权予以物权化,提高预期收入,并辅之以一系列城乡一体化的制度。

The fishery labor transfer in the coastal areas is not only the key to achieve the sustainable development of the fishery economy, but also a major political issue about keeping the society stable and making people live peacefully and work happily. However, at present, the fishermen are lack of initiative and enthusiasm of transferring out of the fishing industry. It＇s caused mainly by the following cruxes： the insufficiency of the repulsion from the fishing industry and fishing villages, the insufficiency of the impetus from industrialization and urbanization, and the relatively strong friction in the transferring process of the fishery labor. Therefore, the fishery labor transfer in the coastal areas should start with the special geographic features, natural resources and industrial structures of the island areas; then combine the transfers related to employment, space and generations together;, with the comparative advantage of the secondary and tertiary industries on the islands being insuf- ficient, make the right of the fishermen to use the fishery resources in rein; improve the expected income of the fishermen; and supplement with a range of systems of integrating the urban and rural areas.