东乡野生稻原产地蜘蛛群落结构动态研究

A study on dynamics of the community structure of spiders in the native habitat of Oryza rufipogon

调查表明，东乡野生稻原产保护地蜘蛛群落优势科为狼蛛科、跳蛛科、管巢蛛科、球蛛科、肖蛸科，相对丰度分别为0．5010、0．1529、0．0785、0．0657、0．0559、0．0399、0．0392，其丰盛度总和达0．8540，构成了蜘蛛群落的主要成分；巨蟹蛛科为稀有科。优势种为拟水狼蛛、沟渠豹蛛、中华狼蛛、横窝希蛛、黄斑纯蛛、白纹舞蛛、微菱头蛛、柔弱锯螯蛛，其相对丰盛度分别为0．1802、0．1209、0．0833、0．0589、0．0484、0．0445、0．0417、0．0413，丰盛度总和达0．6192，埃比熊蛛等为稀有种。调查还表明，不同时期的物种丰富度变化不明显，但在6～7月间，群落中物种丰富度相对较高，各物种种群发生数量大，分布相对均匀，优势种不突出，群落结构较合理，均匀度和多样性指数较高。

According to the investigation, the dominant families of spiders in the native habitat of Oryza rufipogon were Lycosidae, Salticidae, Clubionidae, Theridiidae and Tetragnathidae. Their relative abundance was 0. 501 0, 0. 152 9, 0. 078 5, 0. 065 7, 0. 055 9, 0. 039 9 and 0. 039 2, respectively, the summation of which was 0. 854 0. Heteropodidae was a rare family. The dominant species were Pirata subpiraticus, Pardosa laura, Lycosa sinensis, Achaearanea transipora , Castianeira flavimaculata , Alopecosa albostriata , Bianor aurocinctus and Dyschiriognatha tenera. Their relative abundance was 0. 180 2, 0. 120 9, 0. 083 3, 0. 058 9, 0. 048 4, 0. 044 5, 0. 041 7 and 0. 041 3, respectively, the summation of which was 0. 619 2. Arctosa ebicha was a rare species. In addition, the change of species richness was unobvious during different periods. But, in June and July, the richness was relatively high, and the spider individual numbers were large, but their distribution was relatively uniform, and no obvious dominant species were observed, which led to a reasonable community structure, with high Simpson＇s diversity index and evenness.