华北土石山区人工林与天然林结构与功能研究

Study on the Configuration and Function between Natural and Artificial Forests in Rocky Mountain Area of Northern China

在调查北京八达岭林区天然林、人工林土壤理化性质、水源涵养能力、病虫害的基础上,研究其结构与功能关系。结果表明,天然林、混交林与人工纯林相比,明显改善土壤不同层次机械组成的异质性、空隙性能,提高土壤肥力,增加土壤的持水能力,增强对病虫害的抵抗能力。在林分尺度上森林的理想结构可简单表述为复层、异龄、混交林结构,具有比较发达的灌木层和草本层,并且具有较高的生物多样性和生物生产力。这样的结构具有较高的稳定性、抗干扰性和活力,是健康森林群落的理想结构。在此基础上提出了森林健康经营调控的具体方法,以期对北京市森林健康经营具有一定的指导意义。

The relations of configuration and function were studied by comparing the quality of soil physics and chemistry, the function of water conservation, plant diseases and insect pests for natural and artificial forests at Badaling Forest Centre in Beijing. The results are that： the heterogeneity of different soil levels and the capability of interspace in natural and mixed forests were improved more than that of artificial forests, which increases the capability of soil fertility and water conservation. In addition, the capability of resisting plant diseases and insect pests was advanced by natural and mixed forests. Health forests of smalls scale are the structure of more layer and age, better biodiversity and productivity, which are better stability, anti-interfere and vigor. This is a kind of better structure of forests community which has definite significance for forestry health in Beijing.