郎格罕组织细胞增生症25例

Clinical Analysis of 25 Cases of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis

目的探讨郎格罕组织细胞增生症（LCH）的临床特征,以提高诊断水平,减少误诊率。方法回顾性分析1996年1月-2006年2月病理诊断的25例LCH,对其临床症状、体征、实验室检查、影像学、病理检查、诊断及治疗进行分析。结果实验室检查血象、骨髓像、肺部X线缺乏特异性表现;骨骼X线病变以溶骨性骨质破坏多见;头颅CT/MRI为诊断颅底骨质破坏和蝶鞍病变的重要方法。本组EB病毒（EBV）-IgM抗体阳性3例（3/7例）;体液免疫异常5例（5/10例）,细胞免疫异常3例（3/10例）。本组误诊率52%,最长误诊时间7年。化疗近期疗效明显。结论LCH临床表现多样,误诊率高。LCH病因不明,少数病例有EB病毒感染证据和免疫功能异常。病理检查为主要诊断手段,应进一步行超微结构及免疫表型检查。

Objective To explore the clinical and laboratory characteristics of langerhans cell histiocytosis （LCH） in children, so as to improve diagnosis level and decrease misdiagnosis rate.Methods Twenty-five cases of LCH from Jan.1996 to Feb.2006 were analyzed by retrospective study. The clinical data were collected and abstracted for information regarding clinical symptom, physical sign, laboratory examination, imaging,pathology,diagnosis and treatment.Results Some laboratory findings in hemogram, bone marrow examination and chest X-ray were non-specific.The X-ray characteristic of skeleton was osteolysis. Computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were important in defining the extent of lesion in fundus cranii and sella.Seven cases were examined for anti-Epstein-Barr virus（EBV） IgM, 3 cases were positive,5 and 3 cases out of 10 cases showed humoral and cellular immunity abnormality,respectively. The misdiagnosis rate was 52%,1 case had been misdiagnosed for 7 years. Chemotherapy was effective in the future.Conclusions The clinical manifestations of LCH varies widely, leading to high rate of misdiagnosis.The etiology of LCH is unclear,and some of our patients show the evidence of EBV infection or immunity abnormality. Definitive diagnosis of LCH is based on pathology. Ultrastructure and immunophenotype should be done to improve diagnosis level.