苏州城区支气管哮喘儿童特异性过敏原检测的意义

Significance of Specific Allergen Detection in Children with Asthma in Suzhou City

目的探讨苏州城区急性发作期支气管哮喘儿童的过敏原分布及规律。方法应用美国ASI公司生产的IVT过敏原体外检测试剂盒,采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）对119例苏州城区支气管哮喘急性发作期儿童进行血清吸入性过敏原检测;并按年龄分为6-24个月（19例）、25-72个月（77例）、73-144个月（23例）3组。对各组过敏原状况进行分析比较。同时对其中65例进行食物性过敏原测定。结果119例患儿中吸入性过敏原呈阳性90例（75.63%）。其中尘螨59例（49.58%）最高,室尘25例（21.02%）、宠物毛23例（19.33%）分列其后;随着年龄的增加,吸入性过敏原阳性率及多种过敏原同时出现阳性的比率均增高（Pa〈0.05）。65例患儿食物性过敏原呈阳性32例（49.23%）,以鱼13例（20.0%）、虾蟹11例（16.92%）、鸡蛋8例（12.31%）分居前三。结论引起苏州城区儿童支气管哮喘的过敏原以吸入性过敏原为主,其阳性率随年龄增长而升高;尘螨是最重要的过敏原,亦需重视食物性过敏原对哮喘的影响。

Objective To explore the main inhalational and alimentary allergens which triggers allergic asthma in children in Suzhou area.Methods The serum specific aspiration allergens were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） in 119 children with bronchial asthma,including 7 kinds of common inhalational allergens.The 6 kinds of alimentary allergens test was conducted in 65 children.Results The total inhalational allergens positive rate of the subject was 75.63%（90/119）.The highest rate was dust mite 49.58%（59/119）,then was house dust 21.02%（25/119）,animal hair 19.33%（23/119）.The positive rate of aspiration allergens increased with the patient′s age and showed a positive correlation.Positive rate of food allergens was 49.23%（32/65）.Of them,the highest rate was fish 20.0%（13 cases）,then was lobster and claw 16.92%（11 cases）,egg 12.31%（8 cases）.Conclusions Inhalational allergens are the main allergens in children with asthma in Suzhou district.The positive rate of aspiration allergens increases with the patient′s age.The most common allergen is dust mite.The allergen test plays a clinically significant and advisable role in treatment and prognosis in bronchial asthma in children.