补充和换位:早期道教神祇发展中的一个环节——论西王母仙化和泰山神灵信仰的兴起

Supplement and Tranposition:A Tache in the Development of Deities of the Early Taoism——On the Immortalization of West Emperess and the Rise of Belief in Mount Tai Manitos

中国的神祇形象早在新石器时代的彩陶图案中就显现出来,至佛教艺术传入西汉时已初步形成了具有中国本土文化特色的神祇观念。其中的重要标志就是西王母神像摆脱了"虎齿豹尾"的怪异特征而成为仙界女神,于是,原来西王母的所属"司天之厉及五残"功能转让于泰山神灵,泰山神灵逐渐成为地下神魔的代表,这样,天地人鬼的主神毕集,道教"三界"神祇及其相关的思想观念基本成型。

The iamges of China＇s deities appeared in the anceint painted pottery designs as early as in the neolithic age. In West Han dynasty when Buddhist art was introduced into China, the concept of deities with Chinese local cultural features has been initially formed. One of the most significant mark is that West Emperess has shaken off the queer features of ＂tyger fang and panther tail＂ and become the Godess in the celestial world, and then West Emperess＇ former functions of ＂taking charge of God＇s severity and five cruelties＂ have been transferred to the Man- itos in Mount Tai, who have gradually represented the Devils on earth. Thus the archgod has embodied the earthly, the heavenly, the human and the ghost, and the deities of Taoist ＂three boundaries＂ and their relevant ideas have basically taken shape.