宪法司法化之反思

Self-Reflections on Judicialization of Constitution

宪法司法化的命题,虽然从表面上看,指的是宪法可以同普通法律一样,作为法院判案的依据,但从实质上看,它不仅是一个援引宪法的司法判断问题,更是一个违宪审查问题。在对宪法司法化的争鸣中,一种倾向性的观点是希望在中国建立美国式的由最高法院行使违宪审查权的制度。若用美国式的违宪审查制度来取代中国现有的制度,只会导致我国民主集中制的人民代表大会制度朝着西方"三权分立"的方向发展,这是不能接受的。完善社会转型时期的我国宪法监督制度,必须从我国的国情出发,必须坚持中国共产党的领导,必须坚持人民代表大会制度的政体,坚定不移地走中国特色社会主义政治发展道路。

Superficially the judicialization proposition implies that the constitution like the ordinary laws can be used as the basis for judging a case. But actually it is not only a judiciary decision problem of citing constitu- tion,but also an examination issue on violation of the constitution. In the dedate of judicialization of constitution, one kind of orientation is to establish an American - like system of exercising violation of the constitution examined by Supreme Court in China. The essay compares the differences of the examination systems between China and USA, and holds that if the American - like examination system of violation of the constitution to replace China＇s existing system is adopted, then our country＇s democratic centralism will lead to the Western ＂Separation of Powers＂, which can not be accepted. Perfecting system of constitution supervision during the period of social transformation, we must take the conditions in our country into consideration, must insist on the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, and must stick to the polity of People＇s Congress system, and unswervingly take the road of socialist political development with Chinese characteristics.