装修居室环境污染及相关因素研究

A Study on Environmental Pollution in Decorated Rooms and the Correlation Factors

[目的]通过对不同类型、用材、水平装修居室室内环境检测,探讨影响空气质量的因素和控制措施,指导选择正确合适的居室装修。[方法]检测116户装修居室室内空气中甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯浓度,32户未装修居室为对照。[结果]简约型装修38户,居室空气中甲醛、苯、甲苯及二甲苯浓度均未超过国家标准;经济型装修42户,甲醛高于国家标准;普通型装修36户,甲醛及二甲苯高于国家标准。三种不同的装修方式,有显著性差异(P<0.01)。简约型装修甲醛、苯、甲苯及二甲苯最低,经济型与普通装修方式测定值相对较高。污染物主要来源于刷漆板、溶剂型胶粘剂、溶剂型木器漆、木工板和纤维板。[结论]提高居室装修费用并不能解决居室空气污染;选用实木质装修材料;水性粘剂和木器漆;装修方式尽量采取简单化。

[Objective]To study the influential factors of air quality and control measures in indoor environment of decorated rooms and the timber wood, in order to instruct room decoration. [Methods] The concentration of formaldehyde, benzene, methylbenzene and zylene were detected in the air of decorated rooms in 116 households, 32 households of non-decorated rooms as controls. [Results]The concentration of formaldehyde, benzene, methylbenzene and zylene was not over the national standard in the air of the decorated rooms with simple decoration in 38 households; The concentration of the formaldehyde was higher than the national standard in the air of the decorated rooms of the economic type in 42 households; And the cncentration of the formaldehyde and the xylene were higher than the national standard as well in the air of the decorated rooms of the general type in 36 households. There was a significant difference between this three different decoration ways（ P〈0. 005）. For the simple decoration, the concentration of the formaldehyde, the benzene, the methylbenzene and the xylene were the lowest, and these measured values of economic and popular decoration way were relatively higher. The pollutants mainly originated in the varnishes board, the solvent adhesive, the solvent wood lacquer, the joiner board and the fiberboard. [Conclusion]Increasing the expense of room decoration can not solve the problem of room air pollution. The solid lignin material,equality adhesive material and wooden article lacquer should be used in decorating, and the way of decoration should be taken as simple as possible.