观念的关系,或先天的形式——论胡塞尔对休谟与康德“先天”概念的反省

一方面,在休谟的主要著作中,先天(apriori)这一概念很少出现,但胡塞尔却认为休谟的"观念的关系"是惟一真正的认识论上重要的先天概念。另一方面,"先天"是康德哲学原则性的主题之一,"先天的形式"可谓康德对先天的基本理解,但胡塞尔却宣称,康德缺乏真正的先天概念。胡塞尔正是通过对休谟和康德"先天"概念的反省而发现他本人所谓的"本质-先天"概念,并在思想发展史上产生了重大效应。

On one hand, although we can seldom see the concept ot a prwn m the mare WorKs of Hume, Husserl still suggested that Hume＇s ＂the relation of ideas＂ is the only important concept of the a priori in epistemology. On the other hand, The concept of the a priori is one of the principal themes in Kant＇s philosophy. And we can say that Kant fundamentally understood the a priori as the form of a priori. Husserl, however, claimed that there was absent of the real concept of the a priori in Kant＇s philosophy. It was by the way of reflecting on Hume＇s and Kant＇s concept of the a priori that Husserl found his own concept named ＂essence - Apriori＂. And it had a great effect in the history of the development of philosophy .