洞庭湖流域综合管理现状与战略研究

Situation and Strategic Study on Integrated Management of Dongting Lake Basin

流域综合管理是以维护健康的流域复合生态系统为目标,以水资源管理为核心,统筹社会、经济、环境和生产、生活、生态用水等各方面的关系,通过水土资源的规划、开发利用和保护,建立和完善防洪抗旱减灾体系、资源管理体系和生态环境保护体系,促进人水和谐,维持流域社会、经济和环境的可持续发展与公共福利的最大化。洞庭湖流域管理涉及多个政府部门,目前水资源主管部门与各涉水管理部门之间职责不清,各自为政,条块分割,协调机制缺乏,造成了事实上的"多龙管理"又"群龙无首"的局面;缺乏综合的流域综合管理性质的法律法规,且开发政策法规较多,生态补偿法规缺乏,法规协调性不够,法律的制定缺乏公平的利益协调机制。从传统的管理模式向流域综合管理转变,必须统筹实施综合措施,制定流域总体规划,建立一体化的流域决策机构、综合管理执行机构与各利益方对话机制;形成长效投入机制与利益补偿机制。

The integrated basin management is to plan overall relationship as a whole by taking the maintenance of healthy basin compound ecosystem as the leadership and by taking the water resource management as the core, is to establish and to consummate the system of flooding prevention and disaster reduction,the system of resource management and the system of ecological protection and management through plan,exploitation,use and protection. The final aims of the integrated basin management are to promote harmony between person and water,to maintain sustainable development of basin society,economy and environment and to maximize public benefits.The basin management of the Dongting Lake involves many government departments.At present,the responsibility being unclear, doing things in their own way,the division of strip and lacking cooperative mechanism between the department of water resource management and other management departments involving in water,have led to a phase of ＂multi-dragon management on water＂, ＂a group of people without a leader＂.The laws and regulations on the basin synthesis management and the regulations on ecological compensation are lack,the harmony among regulations is insufficient and legal formulation is lack of fair benefit coordination mechanism,but there are more policies and regulations on exploitation and development.In order to transform from the traditional management pattern to the basin synthesis management,synthetical measurements must be planned and carried out,overaU plan on basin management must be formulated,integrated policy-making and management-executing organization and multi-benefits dialogue mechanism must be established,and the mechanisms on persistent investment and benefit compensation must be come into being.