生物制品冻干保护剂及其保护机理的研究进展

The Development of Cryoprotector of Biologic Products and its Protective Mechanism

冷冻干燥是目前用于微生物、蛋白质等生物制品干燥保存的一种最常用、最有效的方法.介绍了冷冻干燥对细胞和蛋白质的影响,以及为消除这些影响所用的保护方式与保护剂,所涉及的保护剂包括多羟基化合物、糖、氨基酸、聚合物、蛋白质等;同时介绍了三种保护剂的作用机理即优先化作用、玻璃态假说和水代替价说及应用范围.

The method most commomlv used for store of proteins and microbial etc. is lyophilization. Theclassification, characters, and mechanism of denaturation protein on freezedry process are thorough discussed. To protect a protein from freezing and dehydration, a protector may be used. which are polyols, sugars, animo acids, polymers, proteins, and other protectors. There are primary three mechanisms of the protectors： the preferential interaction, the formation of an amorphous glass and the water replacement and application.