渭北旱塬不同温型小麦农田水分利用状况初探

Study on the moisture utilization conditions in the farmland of different type of wheat in Weibei plateau

根据陕西合阳农田土壤湿度和小气候观测资料，分析了冷型小麦“陕229”和暖型小麦“NR9405”农田的土壤湿度，并用A．P康斯坦丁诺夫法计算了田间蒸散量。结果表明，在返青到成熟期，冷型小麦“陕229”0～30cm土层的土壤蒸发较暖型小麦低；而在拔节～灌浆期，土壤日耗水量冷型小麦较暖型小麦偏高31．6％～33．3％，且农田蒸散量显著偏高。表明冷型小麦由于旺盛的蒸腾作用耗水较多，土壤蒸发相对较少，能有效地利用土壤水分。

Based on the observed data of soil moisture and microclimate in the farmland, the soil moisture was analyzed, and the evapotranspiration was also calculated with Law of A. P Constantin＇ s promise. The resuits show that the evaporation in 0 -30 cm soil layer of cold wheat field is lower than the that of the warm wheat field from turning green stage to maturing stage; The amount of water consumed by the soil a of the cold wheat field a day is 31.6% -33.3 % higher than that of the warm wheat field in the jointing stage, forming a vesicle for period, and the evapotranspiration in the farmland of cold wheat on the high side is higher than that of the warm wheat. These show that the field of cold type wheat has higher transpiration and lower evaporation of and higher soil moisture utilization efficiency.