陕西渭北地区苹果园土壤有机质现状评价

Assessment on current situation of soil organic matter of apple orchards in Weibei areas

为了了解陕西省渭北苹果园土壤有机质含量现状，选取该区有代表性的56个果园，调查了施用有机肥料的种类、方法、施肥量和苹果产量，分析不同深度的土壤有机质含量。结果表明：平均施肥量及有机质含量与苹果产量呈正相关；渭北地区苹果园土壤0～40cm土层有机质含量平均值为1．26％，总体处于中等水平，变幅在0．86％～2．17％；有机质0～40cm含量（1．26％）明显大于40～60cm含量（0．90％），且不同地区含量差别较大：不同地区土壤有机质的垂直分布存在差异。最后，根据试验结果提出了陕西省苹果园土壤有机质含量分级指标。

Application methods and amount of different types of organic fertilizer and the apple yield were surveyed in 56 typical orchards of Weibei areas in Shaanxi Province, and soil organic matter in different layers were analyzed in order to understand the current situation of soil organic matter content. The results showed that the amount of manure applied to the field and organic matter content in soil was positively correlated with apple yields. The average soil organic matter content is 1.26 % in 0- 40 cm soil layers in apple orchards of Weibei areas, ranged from 0.86 % to 2.17 % ; Organic matter content in 0- 40 cm soil layers （ 1.26 % ） was obviously higher than in 40 -60 cm （0.90 % ）, organic matter contents in different area are different. The vertical difference of soil organic matter content was pointed out in different area, according to the results of experiments, soil organic matter contents index in Shaanxi Province was made out.