民国时期山东城镇体系的空间组织——基于洋货空间流通的分析

The spatial structure of Shandong urban system in the Period of Republic of China:Based on the analysis of input goods spacial flow

本文利用1932年民国时期山东省进口洋货的空间流通数据,运用定性和定量综合集成的方法,建立了基于洋货流通的山东省城镇体系的空间结构模式。得出以下结论:第一,城市的联系表现为三等级的空间结构模式。其中,济南结节地域Ⅰ-1、青岛结节地域-Ⅰ2、天津结节地域-Ⅰ3、济宁结节地域Ⅰ-4、潍县结节地域Ⅰ-5、烟台结节地域Ⅰ-6、周村结节地域-Ⅰ7、博山结节地域-Ⅰ8、上海结节地域Ⅰ-9、临清结节地域-Ⅰ10组成了第一等级;青岛结节地域Ⅱ-1、济南结节地域Ⅱ-2和天津结节地域Ⅱ-3组成第二等级;青岛结节地域-Ⅲ1和天津结节地域-Ⅲ2组成第三等级。第二,在第一等级中,各结节地域的独立性不同。其中,济南结节地域-Ⅰ1、青岛结节地域Ⅰ-2、天津结节地域Ⅰ-3、济宁结节地域Ⅰ-4、周村结节地域-Ⅰ7的自立性强,其他结节性地域自立性较差。

Since the 1980s,the historic viewpoint has been introduced into the urban system study. The dynamic evolvement process of urban system has become a significant task to study. Based on the spatial data of Shandong input goods flow during the Period of Republic of China in 1932, synthesizing qualitative methods （factor analysis, cluster analysis etc. ） and quantitative methods,this article introduces flows among cities and towns into the analysis of urban system in the Period of Republic of China, establishes a spatial structure modal of Shandong urban system, and obtains two discoveries：First,the relationship among cities represents a 3-rank spatial structure. Among which, Jinan nodal region Ⅰ-1, Qingdao nodal region Ⅰ-2, Tianjin nodal region I-3, Jining nodal region Ⅰ-4, Weixian nodal region Ⅰ-5, Yantai nodal region I-6, Zhoucun nodal region Ⅰ-7, Boshan nodal region Ⅰ-8, Shanghai nodal region Ⅰ-9 and Linqing nodal region Ⅰ-10 composing of the Rank-Ⅰ Qingdao nodal region Ⅱ-1, Jinan nodal region Ⅱ-2 and Tianjin nodal region Ⅱ-3 composing of the Rank-Ⅱ; Qingdao nodal region Ⅲ-1 and Tianjin nodal region Ⅲ-2 composing of the Rank- Ⅲ. Secondly, the independence of nodal region-Ⅰ is different. Jinan nodal region Ⅰ-1, Qingdao nodal region Ⅰ-2, Tianjin nodal region Ⅰ-3 and Jining nodal region Ⅰ-4 are of high independence, while others are of low independence.