从技术引进导向技术创新的一段跋涉——1960年代前半期中国在引进技术基础上的技术创新

Technical Innovation in the Former Period in the 1960s in China on the Basis of Technology Imported in the 1950s

1960年代前半期推动工业技术进步的主要途径是在1950年代引进技术基础上进行技术革新。在经济调整方针下,该时期的技术创新体系从"大跃进"时期的混乱状态恢复到正常,科技工作被重视。但受该时期产业技术发展政策的影响,引进技术基础上的技术创新在不同的领域发展并不平衡。以国防尖端技术为主的高、精、尖技术由于国家倾注大部分经济技术资源重点攻关,其国产化工作成效显著。但与此同时,大多技术的国产化工作在不得不以群众性技术革新运动为主的方式来进行的情况下,只取得较小进展,即使该时期同样受重视的与人民"吃穿用"有关的技术也如此。这造成尖端技术与一般工业技术之间的分化,结果是工业技术仅在一些"点"上成效显著,在"面"上并没有根本超越引进的技术。

The main approach to promote technical progress in the former period in the 1960s in China was to make innovation on the basis of technology imported during the 1950s. Under the guideline of adjusting economy, the technical innovation system in the period recovered from the troubled waters formed in the Great Leap Forward period. Work on science and technology was attached importance to. But influenced by the policy of technical development in the period, technical innovation on the basis of imported technology carried out unbalanced in different industrial fields. The most advanced technology giving priority to sophisticated military technology was rapidly enhanced because the government mobilized a majority of economic and technical resources to tackle it, but at the same time, most imported technology was only slightly enhanced under the circumstance that China had to use mass technical movement to innovate imported technology.