燃料电池系统热管理子系统建模与温度控制

Thermal management subsystem model and temperature control for fuel cells

燃料电池电堆的温度分布对燃料电池的安全与寿命有重要影响。该文分析了车用质子交换膜燃料电池系统热管理子系统的结构,并建立热管理子系统的动态模型。在此基础上对燃料电池温度控制算法进行研究,针对热管理子系统大惯性和大迟延的特点,设计了基于预测的智能P ID算法。该算法采用简化的热管理子系统模型预测电堆温度变化趋势并进行提前控制,能显著减小超调。试验结果表明,该算法能实现±0.5℃的控制精度,控制效果良好。

The temperature distribution is crucial to the safety and lifespan of fuel cell stacks. A dynamic model was developed to analyze the thermal management subsystem of a proton exchange membrane （PEM） fuel cell system. The prediction based smart PID control algorithm considers the large inertia and large phase delay of the coolant temperature control with a simplified model for the thermal system to predict the stack temperature variations and to minimize the overshoot by ahead-of-time control. Simulations and tests show that the control algorithm performs well with temperature variations less than ±0.5℃.