举证责任的转移

Transference of the Burden of Proof

举证责任有两层含义:结果意义上的举证责任和行为意义上的举证责任。在具体的诉讼中可以发生转移的只能是后者。随之而来的问题是这种责任为什么可以转移,它又是如何转移的。上述问题可以从以下几个方面来回应:辩论主义原则为举证责任的转移提供了可能性,当事人提出本证和反证的证明活动是举证责任转移的表现形式,法官对证据的自由评价在具体的诉讼中指引着举证责任的转移。后两者共同构成了举证责任转移在具体案件中的运作过程。

The burden of proof can be interpreted as that of outcome and of behavior,and only the latter can be shifted in the concrete lawsuit.But why can it be shifted,and how? In the author's opinion,the problem described above can be answered from the following respects.The doctrine principle of arguing offers possibility for transformation of the burden of proof,the activities of this evidence and counter evidence offered by the party constitutes the expressions,and finally the judge's free appraise to evidence guides the transference of the burden of proof in the concrete lawsuit,of which the last two together form the operation course of transformation of burden of proof in the practical case.