一种永磁直流电机故障诊断方法

An Universal Approach to Diagnose the Failures of Permanent-Magnetic DC Motors

提出一种基于电流信号特征提取的永磁直流电动机常见典型故障的通用诊断模型。由永磁直流电机的动、稳态数学模型,导出了永磁直流电动机电枢电流变化机理与电机内部的机电参数及其转速之间的关系,确立了基于电流信号的故障特征参数。以数台永磁直流电机为实验样本,对其生产或应用中最常见的元件开路、匝间短路、电刷磨损三种故障运用本文所定义的故障特征参数进行故障特征实验提取及故障机理分析,实验结果与故障机理分析的一致性表明该故障诊断模型对永磁直流电动机常见故障的检测与诊断是可行的。

An universal diagnosing model to the representative failures of permanent-magnetic DC motors is established based on its armature current feature extracting. The inherent relationship between the changing mechanisms of armature current and the parameters or rotating speed of permanent-magnetic DC motor is disclosed by analyzing its dynamic and static mathematical model. The failure diagnosing model is proposed. According to the model, the failure experiments on several motors with the representative failures such as open circuit of components or brush wear and short circuit between coils are studied. And the failure mechanism is analyzed. The consistency between experimental results and the failure mechanism analysis shows that the model presented in this paper to diagnose the failures of permanent magnetic DC motor is feasible and universal.