中国河口研究五十年:回顾与展望

CHINA ESTUARINE RESEARCH FOR 50 YEARS:RETROSPECT AND PROSPECTIVE

提要过去50年中国的河口研究取得了巨大的成就。在理论研究方面,一个显著的特征是动力、沉积和地貌研究相结合,取得了一系列的成果,如河口冲淡水、河口锋、最大浑浊带、泥沙运动、拦门沙的形成、河口不连续现象、河口发育等。在应用方面,如钱塘江河口和长江河口等有许多成功的范例。然而,河口是复杂的,随着人类活动和人工控制的增强,当前河口研究面临着许多新的挑战,人类活动已成为第三驱动力,河口的自然适应与人工控制协调问题将是河口未来理论研究和应用实践的重要问题。

Over the past 50 years, estuarine research in China has made a great achievement. Dynamics, sedimentology, and geomorphology are combined in theoretical research, with a series of achievements, such as estuarine diluted freshwater, estuarine front, the turbidity maximum, fine sediment movement, the formation of mouth bar, estuarine discontinuity, and estuarine development model. Successful research applications included the estuaries of Qiantang River and the Changjiang （Yangtze） River, and many others. However, estuaries are complex. With human activities and artificial control increased, current estuarine researches are facing many new challenges： sharp decrease in riverine sediment discharge into the sea, remarkable increase in the amount of pollutants into the sea, global climate change, and sea level rise. Among them, human activities have become the third large driving force, turning natural estuaries into artificial ones. Therefore, cooperation between natural adaptation and artificial control in estuaries is becoming an important issue for theoretical research and application on estuary in the future.