连续航行对舰艇人员健康的影响

Evaluation of health status of naval vessel crew during submerged cruise

目的观察同一舰艇连续航行前后舰艇人员健康状况的变化情况。方法在舰艇连续航行前后对舰艇人员进行一般健康状况检查，同时测试心电图、脑电图、肺功能、血常规、尿常规及血液生化指标。结果一般健康状况检查航行后脉率显著加快，收缩压和舒张压显著下降（P〈0．05），视力、内外科、五官科及皮肤科疾病的种类和数量无明显变化（P〉0．05），心电图航行后窦性心动过缓和窦性心律不齐发生率有明显变化（P〈0．05），脑电图参数中α波幅值、α百分率、α波功率绝对值和慢波数量显著增加（P〈0．01），视觉分辨率、闪光融合频率能力显著下降（P〈0．05），血液生化指标（ALT）航行后有显著增高（P〈0．05）；经过15d的休息调整上述变化可恢复（P〉0．05）；血液中淋巴细胞百分率（Lym％）航行后显著增加（P〈0．01）；其他指标未见明显变化（P〉0．05）。结论连续航行可使舰艇人员出现某些可逆性生理、生化等方面的变化，经休息15～20d后即可恢复，未见器质性改变。

Objective To evaluate the health status of crew in the same naval vessel during submerged cruise. Methods Routine physical examinations were conducted on naval vessel crew over a period of continued sailing to determine the changes of electrocardiograph （ ECG ）, electroenciphalogram （ EEG ）, pulmonary function, hematological and biochemical detections. Results The mean pulse rate was increased and blood pressure was decreased significantly after cruise （P 〈 0.05 ）. There were no obvious differences changes in diseases of vision, internal medicine, surgery, otorhinolaryngology （ ORL ）, and dermatology in kinds and quantities（P 〉0.05 ）. The incidence rates of sinus bradycardia and sinus arrhythmia were much higher than those at the beginning of patrol（P 〈 0.05 ）, and the mean peak value and frequency of α-wave, as well as the frequency of slow wave in EEG increased（P 〈 0.01 ） . The visual discrimination power and the capability of flicker fusion frequency（FFF） decreased （P 〈 0.05 ）. Hematological and biochemical routine tests showed a higher mean alanine aminotransferase（ALT） level （P 〈 0.05 ） and mean lymphocyte percentage rate （Lym%） （P 〈0.01 ）. All the symptoms and abnormalities recovered after a 15-day off-naval vessel rest. Conclusions Certain reversible physiological and biochemical changes were observed in naval vessel crew＇s health status during sailinng,and the crew recovered after 15-20 days＇recess without organic damages.