博士下乡与“乡村建设”——以20世纪二三十年代河北定县平教会实验为例

Doctors' Going and Working in the Countryside and Rural Construction

20世纪二三十年代的"博士下乡",是民国时期知识界颇具影响的运动,对旧中国的乡村建设有重要促进作用。当时,很多博士由于受到爱民报国之心的驱使、乡村衰败现状的刺激和晏阳初人格魅力的感召,纷纷来到河北定县从事平民教育和乡村建设。他们深入田间地头,把科技知识运用于生产实践,促进农业经济的发展;推行"四教三式",密切与高校和科研机构的合作,促进农民素质的提高;设立县政研究院,将学术研究与县政建设结合起来,促进农村社会的进步。当然,由于战争的影响,"博士下乡"无奈地终止,但其对中国社会产生了深刻的影响。

The movement of the Doctors＇ going and working in the countryside exerts immense impacts over the intelligentsia in the period of Kuomintang. In the 1920s and 1930s, due to the stimulation of the country＇ s bleak situation, the love and the dedication to the country as well as the appeal and charisma by Yan Yangchu, many Doctors advanced wave after wave into the county of Ding to plunge into the civilians＇ education and the rural construction. The immersion into the fields and the application of the knowledge of science and technology into the practice of production promoted the development of the agricultural economy. The implementation of the ＂Sijiaosanshi＂ and the close cooperation with the universities and research institutions contributed much to the improvement of the quality of the farmers. The establishment of the Institute of the county government and the combination between the scholarly research and the county government construction accelerated the progress of the rural society. Of course, due to the war, the movement of the Doctors＇ going and working in the countryside had to come into an end, which nevertheless have a profound impact on the Chinese society.