兰州市主要大气污染物浓度季节变化时空特征分析

Based on GIS to Analyze Seasonal Characteristic and Reason of Spatial Distribution of Concentration of Pollutants in Lanzhou City

应用统计方法分析了兰州市大气污染物SO2、NOx、TSP浓度时空分布的季节变化特征。使用GIS空间叠加分析技术,利用污染源、人口、绿地覆盖等空间数据,对上述污染物时空分布特征的成因进行了探讨。研究表明,兰州市大气环境质量状态存在鲜明的冬春高、夏秋低的季节差异。空间上,经济活跃、人口密集城区污染程度更高。TSP污染物是造成兰州市大气环境质量下降的主要污染源,但其他两种污染物对兰州市区大气环境质量的影响也不能忽视。相关分析表明,社会经济因素对兰州市空气质量的时空分布有一定影响。GIS空间分析功能是分析城市空气环境质量时空变化特征的一个有效工具。

Based on continuous observational data of main atmospheric pollutants composed of SO2,NOx and TSP on the Lanzhou city dated from 2000 to 2001,the study analyzed seasonal and spatial variety characteristic of the pollutants,aided by statistic method.Then,the study used spatial overlay function of GIS and correlative coefficient,integrating with spatial data of discharge sources、population and greenbelt to disclose drive factors of the above characteristic.The study has shown that being an city of serious air pollute,there exists obvious seasonal difference of quality status of atmospheric environment in the city,which show that winter or spring is period when concentration of pollutant reaches its＇ climax,and the opposite period of the lowest is in summer.Among four areas which make up of the city area,the Chengguan and Xigu which not only are populous and high economic level,but also are serious polluted.The Anning owns the opposite status.TSP is the most important resource which cause quality fall of atmospheric environment.The environmental problem caused by the other pollutant is serious too.Especially in winter,the problem was gotten tight.As using corrective coefficient to analyze relation between spatial-temporal variety of concentration of each pollutant and unit area GDP,the contribution of socioeconomic factors was proved evident.So the above methods were proved efficient in studying spatial-temporal variety rule of pollutant concentration in Lanzhou city.