药用植物仪花和短萼仪花的显微鉴别

Microscopic Differentiate of Two Poisonous Medical Plants

用药材性状鉴定和显微鉴定的方法观察仪花(Lysidice rhodostegia Hance)和短萼仪花(L.brevicalyx Wei)两种有毒药用植物有毒部位的显微结构特征。结果发现,仪花的根横切面皮层外侧有方晶排列成环,且有石细胞散在,韧皮部多由纤维组成;茎横切面皮层有方晶断续排列成环,维管束鞘明显,其间嵌有较大型石细胞,韧皮部多由纤维组成;叶横切面海绵组织中有较多方晶散在,中脉维管束鞘明显成环,中脉下方明显凸起且斜向一侧;粉末中可见大量淀粉粒和方晶,晶鞘纤维明显。短萼仪花根横切面皮层不明显,韧皮部多由纤维组成,中央髓部明显;茎横切面可见维管束鞘明显成环,其间嵌有石细胞,韧皮部多由纤维组成;叶横切面中脉维管束鞘明显成环,中脉下方明显凸起且斜向一侧;粉末中可见大量淀粉粒和方晶,晶鞘纤维明显。这些显微特征可以作为仪花和短萼仪花的主要鉴别依据。

To study the microscopic structure of roots, stems and leaves of Lysidice rhodostegia Hance. and Lysidice brevicalyx Wei for the purpose of offering references to the identification, clinical use and development of the two herbal medicines. The microscopic structure of the two plants were observed. （1） Lysidice rhodostegia Hance. In the cross section of the root, the cork was thick lsquare crystals arranged in a ring were found on the outer side of the cortex,where scattered stone cells were also discovered, the phloem was mainly composed of fibers. In the transverse section of the stem,in the form of an incontinous square crystals ring were found,the pericycle was clearly visible, with big stone cells inside it, the phloem was also mainly composed of fibers. In the cross section of the leaf, scattered crystals were rich in the spongy tissue, vascular bundle sheathe was in the form of a ring in the midrib, which was protruding and oblique on the lower part. A large number of starch grains and cryctals were detected in the power,in which fibers were enveloped by parenchyma cells containing many crystals. （2） Lysidice brevicalyx Wei. In the transverse section of the root,the cortex was almost undetectable,the phloem was mainly made up of fibers,the pith was obvious and located at the center. In the cross section of the stem,the cork was thick,the pericycle was orbicular ,with stone cells inside it ,the phloem was mostly composed of fibers. In the transverse section of the leaf, the vascular bundle sheath was in the form of a ring in the midrib, which was also protruding and oblique on the lower portion. In the powder, starch grains and crystals of a great quantity were found, and fibers were also enveloped by parenchyma cells in which many crystals existed. The results can be served as the basis of identifying these two plants.