宁夏盐池县不同利用方式下草地植物群落生物量的比较研究

Comparison Study on Plant Community Biomass in Grassland under Different Utilization Modes in Yanchi County of Ningxia Province

[目的]为寻求在干旱、半干旱地区的植被恢复与重建过程中合理植被配置方式提供依据。[方法]比较以草定畜、禁牧、六区轮牧3种利用方式下退化草地植物群落的群落结构和生物量,探讨退化草原恢复过程中提高生物量的利用方式。[结果]3种利用方式中,禁牧草地植物群落的重要值最高,六区轮牧次之,以草定畜最低。不同利用方式草地的总生物量为禁牧草场>六区轮牧>以草定畜,这与四大科草的生物量一致,而平均有毒植物生物量的顺序则相反。草地的群落生物量随着月份的变化而变化,但从5到8月平均有毒植物的生物量变化顺序均为以草定畜>六区轮牧>禁牧草场。[结论]禁牧促进豆科、禾本科牧草的生长,减少有毒植物的生长,而六区轮牧的效果优于以草定畜。

[Objective]The research aimed to provide basis for seeking reasonable vegetation distribution manner in the vegetation restoration and reconstruction process in arid and semi-arid areas. [ Method] The plant community structure and biomass of degraded grassland under 3 kinds of utilization modes including determining livestock number according to forage availability, forbidding grazing and six-block rotational grazing were compared and the utilization mode that cotdd increase the biomass in the restoration process of degraded grassland was discussed. [ Restdt] Among 3 kinds of utilization modes, the important value of plant commtmity in forbidden-grazing grassland was highest, followed by six-block rotational grazing and that of determining livestock number according to forage availability was lowest. Total biomass of grasslands under different utilization modes were forbidden-grazing grassland 〉 sixblock rotational grazing 〉 determining livestock number according to forage availability, which was accordant to the biomass of four species of forage grass. While the order of average poisonous plant biomass was on the contrary. The community biomass of grassland varied with the change of months. The order of average poisonous plant biomass from May to Augusts was all as follows： determining livestock number according to forage availability 〉 six-block rotational grazing 〉 forbidding grazing. [ Conclusion ] Forbidding grazing promoted the growth of legume and gramineous herbage and decreased the poisonous plant growth.The effect of six-block rotational grazing was better than that of determining livestock number according to forage availability.