“不”与“没有”的母语习得

L1 acquisition of "BU" and "MEIYOU" by Chinese children

本文通过四个实验,具体探讨现代汉语"不"与"没有"的母语习得。实验结果表明,儿童在两岁半左右对"没有"表示"否定物体的存在"已基本掌握;对"不"表示"对心理状态、意愿或可能性的否定"以及"没有"表示"否定动作行为的发生或完成"这样的语义特征随着年龄的增长而逐步习得;但已习得"不"与"没有"用于形容词之前的用法。实验结果还表明,两岁左右的儿童已基本掌握了诸如"完成"、"意愿"、"状态"、"动作"等概念。

This paper reports on a study in which four experiments were designed to investigate L1 acquisition of 'BU' and 'MEIYOU' by Chinese children between the ages of 2;5 and 4;5. Results show that (1) those children around 2;5 acquired the concept of 'non-existence' or 'nothing' of 'MEIYOU', (2) most of the children were able to tell the differences between 'BU' and 'MEIYOU' used before adjectives, (3) most of the children around 2 years of age mastered such notions as 'completion', 'will', 'state' and 'action', and (4) with an increase in age, the children gradually acquired 'MEIYOU' denoting the denial of something that has happened or finished as well as 'BU' expressing the denial of will or possibilities.