会话局部初始位置的指称表达选择——专名还是有定描述语?

Referential choice in locally initial position in conversation:Proper names or definite descriptions?

本文从会话分析的角度出发,基于细致的语料分析,着重探讨了会话中局部初始位置上的专名和有定描述语的选择规律。研究表明:(1)人际会话中存在优先使用专名的倾向;(2)在四种情形下会优先使用有定描述语;(3)局部初始位置有时会出现使用专名和描述语共现或组合的情况,主要包括专名内嵌式有定描述语、描述修饰性专名、专名和有定描述语并列使用等三种类型;(4)专名和有定描述语两种指称表达间相互修正的情况时常发生,一般反映了交际者为达到指称理解在两种不同的认知途径间所做的转换和调整。

In this paper conversation analysis is conducted to examine the choice of proper names and definite descriptions in the locally initial position of conversations. The analysis yields the following findings: 1)priority is given to the use of proper names in social interactions; 2)definite descriptions are preferred under four conditions; 3)proper names and definite descriptions may co-occur or combine in the locally initial position, which takes mainly three forms: a definite description with the proper name embedded, proper names as a descriptive or modified device, proper names and definite descriptions used in parallel; 4)repair between proper names and definite descriptions often occurs in conversation, reflecting interlocutors' shift or adjustment between two different cognitive approaches to understanding of references.