鄂尔多斯高原自然背景和明清时期的土地利用

The Natural Environment of the Ordos Plateau and the Land Use during the Ming and Qing Dynasties

鄂尔多斯高原位于我国北方沙漠-黄土边界带的关键位置上,通过百年来沙漠-黄土边界带概念的形成考察,从学术史上获得该论题蕴含有过渡带、敏感带、生态交错带内涵,这是众多学科研究意义所在。明代为防御元蒙势力,沿长城地带实行军屯,清代限于人口压力和财政因素,从长城内到长城外,将"变刍牧而桑麻"的活动扩展到大半个高原。汲取学术界已有成果,尤其是以长城作为判断毛乌素沙地南移及其与明清垦殖活动关系的一种考察方式,在影响毛乌素沙地的走向和幅度上,认为自然因素更显重要。尽管人类利用土地的形式和规模在逐渐升级,但在明清时期的演变过程中,仍只是作为荒漠-草原彼此进退的一种参与力量。

The Ordos Plateau locates in the key position of the desert loess boundary belt in the northern of china. By the investigation on the formation of the concept of the desert loess boundary belt in one hundred years, we can acquire that the thesis should contain some connotations of the ecotones, sensitive zone and the ecological interlaced zone, which is the meaning of studying of many subjects. In the Ming Dynasty, it cultivated the land in the garrison areas along the Great Wall because of the military defense. In the Qing Dynasty, because of the population pressure and the financial re- trenchment, the activity of the ＂change the animal husbandry to the agriculture＂ extended most of the plateau from inside the Great wall to outside the Great wall. Deriving the academic achievements, es- pecially judged the relationship between the south movement of The Maowusu Sand Land and reclamation activity in Ming and Qing dynasties by the Great wall. The nature factor is more important among many factors that effect on the directions and amplitudes of The Maowusu Sand Land. Although the form and the scale of the land use in the Ming and Qing dynasties exceeded the historical level, it was only as a participative power of the advance and retreat each other in the historical evolvement process of the nature.