男性青少年违法犯罪者社会支持与心理健康的研究

Study of mental health and social support in male delinquent juveniles

目的研究男性青少年违法犯罪者的社会支持与心理健康及其相关关系,为预防和矫正青少年违法犯罪提供参考依据。方法采用本教研室自编的青少年违法犯罪自评量表、症状自评量表、社会支持量表及领悟社会支持量表对300名随机抽取的男性青少年违法犯罪者进行测试,并采用SPSS11.0软件包进行处理。结果青少年违法犯罪者SCL总分为196.10±53.51,总均分为2.18±0.59,所有因子得分均比全国常模高,且具有统计学差异。社会支持方面,社会支持总分为29.57±5.09,主观、客观支持及对支持的利用度得分分别为16.92±3.37,5.88±1.95,6.77±2.08。领悟社会支持方面:社会总支持53.21±9.77、朋友支持17.00±4.29、家庭支持18.36±4.34、其他支持17.84±4.29。心理健康各因子与大部分领悟社会支持因子、社会支持因子之间呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。结论总体上,男性青少年违法犯罪者心理健康较全国常模严重,社会支持水平相对较低,且心理健康与社会支持及领悟社会支持之间呈负相关。提高社会支持及领悟社会支持的水平都将能有效的改善青少年违法犯罪者的心理健康水平。

Objective To explore the characteristics of social support, mental health and the relationship of them in male delinquent juveniles so as to offer reference for the mental healthy consult and instruction of normal and delinquent juveniles. Methods With the Delinquent Juvenile Self-report Scale, Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL-90）, Social Support Rating Scale （SSRS） and Perceived social support scale （PSSS） edited by our staff room, 300 male delinquent juveniles in Chengdu juvenile penitentiary were surveyed and analyzed by SPSS 11.0. Results The total and average SCL-90 scores of male delinquent juveniles were 196.10±53.51 and 2. 18±0.59 respectively, the scores of all factors were significantly higher than the countrywide norm. The total social support was 29. 57±5. 09, as well as the scores of subjective support, objective support and using of support were 16.92±3.37,5.88± 1. 95, 6.77±2.08. The scores of total support of social, support of friends, support of family and other support in perceived social support were 53.21±9.77, 17.00±4.29, 18.36±4.34 and 17.84±4.29 respectively. There were negative correlations between mental health and most factors of SSRS or PSSS （P 〈 0.05） . Conclusions The mental health of male delinquent juveniles is more serious than countrywide norm, their level of social support was lower, and mental health is negatively related with social support and perceived social support. Enhancing the level of social support and perceived social support will effectively meliorate the level of mental health of delinquent juveniles.