树莓部分野生种及栽培品种花粉亚显微形态的比较

Comparative Studies on Pollen Submicroscopic Morphology of Some Wild Species and Cultivars of Bramble (Rubus L.)

用扫描电镜对树莓属有育种潜力的分属于空心莓组和木莓组的8个野生种及从国外引进的分属于黑莓种群和树莓种群的17个栽培品种共25份材料的花粉形态进行了系统观察和比较分析。结果表明:所观察的树莓花粉均为长球形或超长球形(P/E为1.67～2.42),大小多为25.52μm×15.37μm至50.06μm×25.65μm。花粉外壁纹饰在组内和栽培种群内有一定的相似性,但同时变异丰富,在不同种之间、甚至在不同品种之间区别明显。空心莓组的5个种和树莓种群的品种的外壁纹饰以条纹—穿孔状为主,黑莓种群品种的主要为条纹状和条纹—穿孔状,与木莓组的3个种的差异较大。聚类分析结果表明,花粉大小和外壁纹饰特征可基本反映树莓属下组及栽培种群的划分,树莓种群品种与空心莓组的插田泡和茅莓的亲缘关系较近;而黑莓种群与木莓组的3个有果用育种潜力的任一种的亲缘关系均较远。

Pollen submicroscopic morphology of 8 wild species with potential breeding capabilities from Sect. Idaeobatus and Sect. Malachobatus and 17 introduced cultivars of bramble （Rubus L. ） from raspberry and blackberry were examined with scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the pollen grains were prolate and perprolate, 25. 52 μm × 15.37 μm - 50. 06 μm × 25.65 μm in size. The exine ornamentation was diverse, distinctly different among species or cuhivars. For example, it was mainly striate-perforate in Sect. Idaeobatus as well as raspberry cuhivars, striate and striate-perforate in blackberry cuhivars, which were clearly different from that of any one of 3 species in Sect. Malachobatus. Cluster analysis results indicated that the size and exine ornamentation characters of pollen could reflect the traditional taxonomy of Rubus. A close blood relationship between those raspberry cuhivars and the wild species R. coreanus or R. niveus in Sect. Idaeobatus and far blood relationship between those blackberry cuhivars and those 3 wild species in Sect. Malachobatus were found.