论伽达默尔对康德审美意识学说的扬弃

On Gadamer's Sublating the Kantian Doctrine of Aesthetic Consciousness

伽达默尔在《真理与方法》中详细批判了以康德为代表的审美意识学说。伽达默尔揭示出,康德的审美意识学说起源于人文主义传统但又抛弃了这一传统,这使得审美意识学说体现出先验主义和形式主义的倾向。康德的审美意识学说是建立在主观论之上的,并遵循认识论的研究模式,所以它否认了艺术中的真理。伽达默尔则把他的美学建立在现象学之上并具有生存论和解释学的纬度,从而维护了艺术中的真理。康德思想本身具有对审美意识学说的否定因素,伽达默尔正是突出强调这些否定因素并进而扬弃了康德的审美意识学说。

In Truth and Method Gadamer takes pains to criticize the doctrine of aesthetic consciousness represented by Kant.Gadamer reveals that the Kantian doctrine of aesthetic consciousness originates from the tradition of humanism but then abandons the tradition which shows the characteristics of transcendentalism and formalism.Because the Kantian doctrine of aesthetic consciousness bases itself on subjectivism and follows the research model of epistemology,it denies the truth in art.Gadamer vindicates the truth in art by basing his aesthetics on phenomenology with its dimensions of existentialism and hermeneutics.But the Kantian philosophy in fact also has some negative elements denying the doctrine of aesthetic consciousness,and by emphasizing such elements Gadamer sublates the Kantian doctrine of aesthetic consciousness