论社会公平的主观认定

Comment on the Subjective Judgement of Social Equality

近年来,收入分配不公已成为学术圈与媒体热议的话题。但收入分配结果是否公平只是基于人们伦理和价值观基础上的一种主观判断,基尼系数既不能回答社会公平的主观认定问题,也无法预言哪些群体将会影响社会的稳定。本文通过对北京居民公平感的实证研究说明20年来北京市居民的公平观发生了根本性的转变,人们对收入分配差距的承受力有所增强也有所区别。在贯彻党中央"提低,扩中,调高"的公平目标时,政府的主要工作既包括规范和整顿市场分配秩序,同时也应在调节贫富差距时防止产生新的分配不公。

The income inequality has been a hot topic both for academic circles and for mass media in recent years, but it is just the subjective judgement on the basis of ethnic and social value whether the income distribution is rational. Gini coefficient can not reflect people＇ s subjective judgment of social equality and it is unable to forecast what social groups will affect social stability. Based on the data from a survey of Beijing urban residents, this paper finds that the sense of equality has undergone great changes in the past 20 years, and there are some increments in the acceptability for income difference, meanwhile some divergence still exists. In achieving the Chinese government＇s goal of “improving the living conditions of the low income people, expanding the middle class and adjusting the income of the rich”, the governmental works need not only attach great importance on regulating the order of income distribution, but also should lay stress on preventing the emergence of new income inequality when trying to narrow the income gap.