跨国公司在中国沿海地区投资区位变化的实证分析

Empirical Analysis on the Change of Investment Zones of Multinational Corporations in the Coastal Region of China

自20世纪90年代后期以来,跨国公司在中国的投资区位发生了明显的变化。其中,突出表现为跨国公司投资的重心由珠江三角洲地区向长江三角洲地区的转移。本文采取实证分析的方法,对跨国公司在珠江三角洲地区和长江三角洲地区的投资差异进行实证检验,并进一步探寻影响跨国公司投资区位变动的关键因素。研究发现,劳动力素质、市场潜力等因素在跨国公司投资区位选择中的作用越来越重要,而劳动力成本、当地的经济规模等传统因素的影响则明显减弱。

Since the late of 1990s, the investment zones of multinational corporations in China have suffered obvious changes. Among them, the predominant representation is that the investment center of multinational corporations transfers from Pearl River Delta to Yangtze River Delta. In this paper, the method of empirical analysis is used to verify investment differences of multinational corporations in Pearl River Delta and Yangtze River Delta and to further seek for the key factors affecting the change of investment zones of multinational corporations. Through the research, it is founded that, for the selection of investment zones of multinational corporations, the effect of labor quality, market potential and other factors becomes more and more important, while the effect of some traditional factors like labor cost and local economic scale is weakened obviously. Therefore, it is shown that, during the process of adjusting their investment strategies in China, multinational corporations not only take China as the manufacturing base with cheap labor, but also regard it as the future market with the most potential and excavate and use highquality human resources in China from the angle of the upgrading of global competitive power and global innovation.