黄土高原旱地小麦最佳根层蓄水供水系统模拟研究

A Simulation Sudy on Optimal Water Storage and Supplying System in the Root Zone for Rainfed Wheat on Loess Plateau

在山西浮山人工模拟建立不同土壤库容系统，对不同库容的生物学效应、蓄水供水效应及水分生产效率进行了研究，明确了黄土高原旱地小麦的最佳土壤库容深度为1．5－2．0m，为黄土高原旱地小麦建立适宜的土壤库容提供了理论依据。1．5－2．0m深的土壤库容改善了小麦全生育期土壤水分状况，特别在小麦需水关键期（拔节期）能最大限度地供给小麦水分，从而有效地增加小麦成穗数及穗粒数。该系统每亩可增产小麦142．5－174．5kg，增产率高达63．3％－78．7％。

Different artifical soil sinks were established to simulate the natural soil system on loessplateau in Fushan, Shanxi, of which the biological effects, water storage and supplying effects and wateruse efficiency were observed. Results showed the optimal depth of soil sink on loess plateau. The soilsinks of 1. 5 ~ 2.0m in depth can improve the soil status in the whole growth period of wheat, and especially at the critical stage (shooting stage) it can supply the water sufficiently for the requirment of growthand hence increases foe number of spikes and kemels. This system can increase grain yield of what by2137. 5 ~ 2617. 5kg/ha(64. 3 % ~ 78, 7% ).