极地海洋石油烃污染物的生物降解研究进展

RESEARCH PROGRESS IN BIODEGRADATION OF OIL POLLUTION IN POLAR OCEAN

随着南极考察活动的发展和北极地区的开发利用,极地海洋中的石油烃污染逐渐增多。由于这些地区常年处于低温状态,石油烃的自然降解非常缓慢。生物降解是修复污染的一个主要机制,具有经济、高效的特点。极地海洋环境中存在着大量烃降解菌,它们在清除当地石油烃污染中发挥了很大作用,并显现出了低温修复的潜力。本文从极地海洋环境中的石油烃降解菌、影响低温降解的因素、降解基因和低温生物修复四个方面介绍了国外对该领域的研究成果。

Oil pollution in polar ocean increases with the exploration and utilization of polar area. And oil degradation in polar area is very slow for perennially low temperature there. Biodegradation is a major mechanism of oil degradation from the environment for its economic and effective characters. There are a lot of hydrocarbon-degrading microbes in polar ocean. They play an important role in eliminating oil pollution, and show the potential for bioremediation in low temperature. In this paper, we outline the status of research in areas of oil biodegradation in polar ocean and introduce the hydrocarbon-degrading microbes in polar ocean, factors influencing low temperature biodegradation, biodegradation genes and bioremediation in low temperature.