巴特兰《游记》的艺术成就

The Artistic Achievements of William Bartram's Travels

巴特兰的《游记》是美国自然散文的奠基之作,取得了很大的艺术成就。它拓展了自然景象描写的审美视野和审美范畴,丰富了自然景象的描写手法。巴特兰用不多的笔墨,就把旅途中耳闻目睹的形形色色的人物、印第安人的种种风俗习惯等人文景观惟妙惟肖地描绘出来。该作品的叙述在平衡中交织着不平衡,具体表现为:整部作品条理清楚,衔接自然,表述完整,同时悬念频出,布局自然而多变,描述详略得当。该作品的语言富有画意,而且,其用词丰富而平易,其句式力求多样,其语体富于变化。

Being the pioneer work of American nature prose, William Bartram＇s Travels through North ＆ South Carolina, Georgia, East ＆ West Florida obtains remarkable artistic achievements. It broadens the aesthetic perspective and category of nature writing and enriches the techniques of nature description. Bartram can capture the scenes and sights of cultural interest such as various human figures and Indian customs vividly and concisely. Its narration is characterized with the combination of balance and imbalance： embodied not only in the good organization, natural cohesion and complete presentation, but also in the frequent occurrence of suspense, spontaneous and variable arrangements, as well as necessary details and appropriate omissions. In general, it is pictorial in language, plain and adequate in diction, diverse in sentence pattern and colorful in style.