政治、道德与永久和平——马基雅维里国际关系伦理思想述评

Politics, Morality and Permanent Peace——A Commentary on Machiavelli's International Relation Ethics

国际关系伦理大致可以划分为两大传统,即"普遍道德"和"结果主义",马基雅维里无疑属于后者。他通过对"权力"、"必然"和"美德"几个关键概念的表述,开始了对现实主义伦理思想的初步探寻和对实现永久和平的自觉尝试,提出了比修昔底德更为强硬、更具结果主义色彩的"非道德"伦理思想。他的国际关系伦理思想总体上具有进步性、革命性和创造性,但也不可避免地存在某些局限,如忽视了道德对国际关系的推动作用、过分强调国际社会的无政府状态以及无法实现真正的永久和平等。

Approximately international relation ethics are divided into ＂common morality＂ and ＂consequentialism＂. Machiavelli obviously advocates the later. He discusses Realism initially and makes a conscious attempt to find ways to realize permanent peace by expounding three key notions： power, necessity and virtue. He puts forward ＂non-morality＂ ethic which is much tougher and more consequentialistic than Thucydides＇. Though his international relation ethics are progressive, revolutionary and creative, there are some inevitable limits： he ignores morality＇s promoting effect on international relation and exceedingly stresses the anarchy of international society and holds a pessimistic view of realizing true and permanent peace.