3Lee CK,Vessa P, Lee JY. Chronic disabling low back pain syndrome caused by internal disc derangements:the results of disc excision and posterior lumbar interbody fusion[J].Spine, 1995,20(4) :356-361.
4Moore KR, Pinto MR, Butler LM. Degenerative disc disease treated with combined anterior and posterior arthrodesis and posterior instrumentation[J].Spine ,2002,27(16) : 1680-1686.
5Deyo RA, Nachemson A,Nirza SK. Spinal-fusion surgery :the case for restraint[J].N Engl J Med,2004,350(7):722-726.
6Watkins M. Posterior fusion of the lumbar and lumbosacral spine[J].J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1953,35(10) : 1014-1018.
7Dickman CA,Fessler RG, MacMillan M,et al. Transpedicular screw-rod fixation of the lumbar spine:operative technique and outcome in 104 cases [J].J Neurosurg,1992,77 (8):860- 870.
8Ghogawala Z,Benzel EC, Amin-Hanjani S, et al. Prospective outcomes evaluation after decompression with or without instrumented fusion for lumbar stenosis and degenerative grade I spondylolisthesis[J].J Neurosurg Spine,2004,1 (3) :267-272.
9Mardjetko SM, Connolly PJ, Shott S. Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis :a meta-analysis of the literature 1970-1993 [J]. Spine, 1994,19 (Suppl) : 2256-2265.
10Fritzell P,Hagg O,Wessberg P,et al. Lumbar fusion versus nonsurgical treatment for chronic low back pain:a muhicenter randomized controlled trial from the Swedish Lumbar Spine Study Group[J].Spine,2001,26(23) :2521-2532.
