摘要
我国城市生活垃圾，作为废弃物，在环境中已成为公害，加上废弃物中的有机物发酵分解，向大气扩散恶臭，排出甲烷等温室气体，因此，有必要调查、考察我国主要典型城市垃圾填埋场及处理厂等的概况，了解、掌握对来自生活垃圾中甲烷的排放量，尤为重要。通过对典型城市（４６个主要城市）生活垃圾清运量的统计、调研，及其垃圾中有机物种类和排放系数的初步确定，结合城市的人口数，初步确定按人口分担的排放量。本报告通过对４６个主要城市生活垃圾清运量及甲烷的排放量统计、调研，为今后进一步研究来自废弃物的甲烷排放，进行了初步的探索性研究；同时，为非工业源甲烷排放量进行了预测与评估，获得了初步的结果。
Municipal solid waste(MSW) constitutes a significant portion of all types of waste produced worldwide.Numerous factors affect the amount of CH 4 produced in landfills.The factors may be divided into two general categories:management practices (Density of Refuse & Particle Size of Refuse,Open dumping vs.Sanitary Landfill′and Physical Factors)waste composition,moisture content,leachate pH,nutrients,landfill temperature.Other variables that may affect methane emissions are the design and size of the landfill and use of cover soils. Landfill gas recovery can be an important factor in reducing CH 4 emissions from landfills as well as provide a source of renewable energy.There are 242 sites in 20 nations where landfill gas is captured and its energy contents exploited. There are three different types of models that deal with methane from municipal solid waste sanitary landfills.The first of these groups is a global landfill methane emission estimation model.This type of model is simplistic and does not incorporate a time factor in estimating methane generation.The second type of model is a theoretical first-order kinetic model that is based on the methanogenic processes of bacterial populations and includes a time variable.These models are usually applied to individual landfills,but could be applied to an entire country or region.The last group is not concerned with methane emissions,but movement of methane and other gases through a landfill.While the third group is capable of providing the most detailed emissions data with respect to time,it is far too detailed for global applications.
