斯塔罗宾斯基:批评的轨迹与阐释的循环

Jean Starobinsky:His Trajectory of Criticism and Cycle of Hermeneutics

让.斯塔罗宾斯基的批评,尊重传统,力求创新,在新旧两种批评的攻讦和交汇中开辟着自己的道路,冶文学、哲学、史学、自然科学(医学)于一炉,形成一种独特的阐释风格。他把批评看作"由整体到局部、由局部到整体"的往返的一个"永无止境"的行程,由这种行程所形成的"批评的轨迹"是他最喜欢的概念:批评的轨迹展开于(通过同情)接受一切和(通过理解)确定一切之间。批评的轨迹包含了"阐释的循环"的概念,这种循环是双重的同时的、并存的:一个是以阐释为中介的从客体(文本)到客体(批评文本)再回到客体(文本)的运动,此为德国人所说的阐释的循环,是客观的循环;一个是经由文本的从主体(批评主体)到主体(作品主体)再回到主体(批评主体)的运动,此为主观的循环,这是让.斯塔罗宾斯基的一大创新。

Jean Starobinsky＇s literary criticism respects the tradition and seeks innovation and thereupon has blazed a trail of his own at the converging point of the old and new criticisms and attacks. His criticism, by integrating literature, philosophy, historiography and natural sciences, has formed a unique hermeneutie style. Literary criticism is regarded by him as an “endless” commutation from the whole to the parts and from the parts to the whole, the criticism＇s trajectory, theconcept of which is most liked by him. This trajectory is spread between receiving all via sympathy and determining all via understanding and contains the notion of cycle of hermeneutics while this cycle is dual, simultaneous and co-existing. Part of the cycle is a motion with interpretation as the media from the object （the text） to another object （the text of criticism） and again to the textual object, which is the cycle of hermeneutics named by Germans, an objective cycle. Another part of the cycle is a motion from the critieism＇s subject to the textual subject and again back to criticism＇s subject via the text, which is the subjective cycle of hermeneutics and this subjective cycle is just Jean Starobinsky＇s innovation.