齐曼科学进化论思想述略——简析两种科学发展史观

A Brief Introduction on Ziman's Thoughts of Scientific Evolution Epistemology:Also Remarking on Two Theories About Science Development

在批判库恩绝对科学革命观的基础上,齐曼提出了进化的科学观。齐曼认为,当我们在一个广阔的领域来考察科学发展的轨迹时,库恩摧枯拉朽式的、"绝对的"革命不过是科学史家们对科学发展历史所作出的辉格式的解读而已,实际上并非如此,相反,科学发展是一个进化的过程,科学是通过BVSR机制一"代"一"代"地进化的。比较而言,齐曼的进化认识论能够更准确地反映科学发展的真实情形。

Based on the criticism on Kuhn＇ s scientific revolution theory, Ziman founded his scientific evolution theory. He thought that the Kuhnian thorough and absolute revolution is just the Whiggian understanding of science historian on scientific history when the science development path is studied in a broad field. In fact, it does not exist. On the contrary, science development essentially is a course of evolution in which science makes progress through BVSR mechanism generation by generation. By comparison, Ziman＇ s evolutionary epistemology can reflect more accurately the true situations of science development.