留学生与晚清海军教育

Student Abroad and Navy Education in the Late Qing Dynasty

推行新式海军教育是近代军事变革的一项重要内容。为适应制器、练兵和加强海防建设的需要,晚清海军教育以兴办水师学堂为先,首开中国近代军事教育的先河。自19世纪80年代起,军事留学生陆续学成归国。作为早期比较系统地学习西学技艺的新型人才,其中一部分人与晚清海军教育多有联系,或投身海军教育,出任海军学堂教习、总办等职务,个别的还亲自创办海军学堂,或在一定程度上发展完善了近代海军教育的思想理念。留学生群体由此在晚清的海军教育中发挥了重要的媒介作用,培养了一大批新式人才,促进了晚清海军教育的近代化。但由于留学生群体主观因素、客观因素的制约,尤其是在当时沉闷的教育体制和教学氛围的影响下,晚清海军教育仍存在着诸如从事海军教育的留学生师资较少、教学质量不高、教学目的过分偏重技术等问题。

Carrying out the new navy education is an important content of the modern revolution in military affairs. To meet the need of making weapons, training soldiers, and reinforcing coastal defense construction, the military education in the late Qing Dynasty takes establishing navy schools as the first, which is first pioneer of modern China military education. Since the 1880g, the military students abroad have returned to their homeland gradually. As new talented persons who have studied western technique systematically in the early time, a part of students abroad are closely linked with navy education, or take the post of the school teachers, supervisors and so on, or personally organize navy schools, or develop and consummate a general idea of modern navy education in a certain extent. Therefore, students abroad have played an important role for navy education in the late Qing Dynasty, and have trained a large number of new style and talented persons, and promoted the navy educationg modernization of the late Qing Dynasty. But the influence of the subjective factors about students abroad, and objective factors especially boring education environment, the navy education in the late Qing Dynasty still have many problems such as, shortage of teachers, lower level of teaching quality and laying particular stress on techniques in teaching.