五言今体诗平仄句式初探

Something about the Five-Words Modern Style Poetry

五言今体诗包括两联四句的五言绝句、三联六句的五言小律、四言八句的五言律诗、少则五联十句、多则百联二百句的五言排律这四种。如果对姚鼐的《今体诗抄》进行举证分析,便不难发现:其平仄句式凡23个,可分甲、乙、丙、丁四个系列,每个系列都包含基本平仄句式及其变格平仄句式两类,基本平仄句式每个系列都只有一个,变格平仄句式每个系列都有若干个,数量并不完全相等。不论是平韵诗,还是仄韵诗,只要是五言今体诗篇,其各个诗句的平仄配搭就要符合以上23个平仄句式中某几个平仄句式,不能有另外的平仄句式;若有,那就一定不是五言今体诗篇。当然,在各个诗句平仄配搭完全符合23个平仄句式中某几个平仄句式的前提下,诗句在配搭成篇时,其平仄还必须合乎"对"和"粘"的规则,在押韵和对仗上,也要符合格律标准,否则,也一定不是五言今体诗。

In five-words modem style poetry, there are four sentences in two parts, six sentences in three parts, five words in every line. And eight sentences, four words in every line , and from ten sentences in five parts to two hundred sentences in one hundred parts. There are four series： A,B,C,D, in 25 sound patterns , and has basic sound sentence style and change sound sentence style in every serie, but only one basic sound sentence style and some change sound sentence styles in one serie.